The circumcision scar varies in appearance depending on the circumcision technique and individual healing factors. During the first days and weeks after circumcision, the scar may look red and swollen. This is normal, but it will fade over time as the skin heals. You may also notice a difference in the color of the new skin and the remaining foreskin on the penis shaft. This difference should fade as the skin heals, but if not, there are several over-the-counter products such as vitamin E, scar oil, and lightening creams that can be used to help fade the scars.
Over the course of two to three years, the scar tissue should naturally fade and shrink. However, if the scar doesn't shrink or the tissue hardens and thickens, it can leave bumps and ridges along the shaft or under the glans. This is a condition known as hypertrophic scarring and can sometimes be corrected surgically.
Circumcision scars can also develop tumor-like growths called keloids. These are not cancerous and do not cause any health problems, but they can be a nuisance if they grow too large. In rare cases, circumcision can lead to a form of cyst called inclusion cysts which is thought to arise from areas of minor injury on the edge of the glans that become abnormally adhered to the surrounding shaft. These can be asymptomatic but can interfere with hygiene, and excision may be required.
In general, you can reduce the risk of circumcision scarring by choosing an experienced doctor or surgeon and following their aftercare instructions. You should also avoid friction by wearing loose underwear that doesn't irritate the site and keep it clean. This will help the site heal faster and prevent irritation, which can slow down healing.